A Masterly Hand / Scientia Artis 9

181 Pascale Fraiture 8 180 35 In a square correlation matrix, all ring series are compared and the strength of the correlations is indicated by a colour: the darker the colour, the stronger the correlation. This graph is produced by the Dendron IV software (October 2012). 36 See Famke Peters and Vincent Cattersel, article 5 and Peter te Poel, article 1 in this volume. 37 P ublished regional chronologies used: Becker, B., ‘Fällungsdaten römischer Bauhölzer, anhand einer 2350 jährigen süddeutschen Eichen-Jahrringchronologie’, Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg , 6, Stuttgart, 1981: 369-386; Delorme, A., ‘ Aufbau einer Eichenjahrringchronologie für das südliche Weser- und Leineberg- land’, Forstarchiv , 44 (1973): 205-209; Hollstein, E., ‘Jahrringchronologische Datierung von Eichenhölzern ohne Waldkante’, Bonner Jahrbücher , 165 (1965): 11-27; Hollstein, E., Mittel­ europaïsche Eichenchronologie, Trierer dendrochronologische Forschungen zur Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte ( Trierer Grabungen und Forschungen, 11), Mainz, 1980; Pilcher, J. R., ‘A 700 Year Dating Chronology for Northern France’, Applications of Tree-ring Studies. Current Research in Dendrochronology and Related Subjects ( BAR International Series, 333), ed. R.G.W. Ward, Oxford, 1987: 127-139. Unpublished regional chronologies used: BE-Arden4.ref (1993); BE-Liege3.ref (1993), BE-Namur2.ref (2005), BE-Meuse5.ref (1993): Université de Liège – Centre européen d’archéométrie ( Hoffsummer et al.); NL-Zuidmm: Stichting RING, Amersfoort (Jansma et al. 2005); DE-Münsterland: Pressler GmbH (2011); NL-Maastricht: Pressler GmbH (2011); FR-Lorraine; FR-NordEst; FR-Meuse: DendroNet (Tegel et al., 2005); DE-Koeln04: Universität zu Köln ( Schmidt-Franck et al., 2011); DE- Westphalie-Hellwegzone: Universität zu Hamburg (Eckstein, Busse, Lobbedey, 1991); DE-Niedersächsischer Küstenraum, Lower Saxony: Universität zu Hamburg (Eckstein, Schwab, Zimmermann, 1979). 38 I t should be noted that the small altarpiece of Eisden is made of Baltic oak. In this research project it was excluded from the Elsloo group because of its differing style. It is clear that the work’s construction and size played a role in this selection, because Baltic oak was systematically selected for the production of planks like those of the frame or for small sculpted elements of altarpieces in the Southern Netherlands at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Fraiture 2009b; idem 2013a. 39 I dem 2009b: 100: Master chronologies cover fairly broad zones and thus vary in dendrochronological weight in terms of ‘ regionalism’. A site chronology groups samples collected from a single building, the origin of the wood being deduced from the location of the building. It is assumed that site chronologies represent more limited geographical zones. Moreover, only research using site chronologies permits potentially significant reproduc- ibility: the ring series from an object that has a dendro-typology similar to those of chronologies from several sites close to one another has a high probability of coming from the same region. For this research, site chronologies from different European laboratories have been used. This was possible thanks to an interna- tional network of colleagues, see Acknowledgements. 40 J ansma 1995. 41 C orrespondence with Gerard Venner (25 September 2012) and discussions during the conference A Masterly Hand. Interdisciplinary Research on the Late- Medieval Sculptor Master of Elsloo in an International Perspective at the KIK-IRPA in 2011. 42 J ansma 1995. 43 I t should be noted that the network of site chronologies does not equally cover the entire probable provenance area of the oaks used, in particular in Germany ( few laboratories work daily with site chronologies). Consequently, the lack of good correlations in a given region, for example upstream in the Rhine basin, does not necessarily mean that the oaks do not come from this region. Conversely, good correlations with site chronologies from a particular place indicate that the trees apparently come from a region which has many dendro- chronological points in common with that area, without it being certain that they come from that area and not a neighbouring one for which there are no site chronologies. Lambert and Lavier 1997; Fraiture 2009b. 44 S ee, for example, Suger, De consecratione (3), cited and translated in Panofsky 1967: 61; Duhamel du Monceau 1758; Penevert [around 1828]. 45 S uch as waynscot , clapboard, deal, planks, staves for casks and pipes, oars, masts, shovels, chests for building, shipbuilding, furniture, barrels to mention but a few. See Tossavainen 1994. 46 S eventeen different products were recorded at the time: ‘navées de futaille, jantes, rabots, baches, bois de charlerie, core ou clippe-clappe, planches, barreaux, lattes […]’. Fanchamps 1966; Houbrechts 2008.