A Masterly Hand / Scientia Artis 9

105 Famke Peters 4 104 10 The original polychromy on the figure of Christ at Ellikom is indeed largely preserved (see article 13 in this volume), while the St Quirinus still retains old finishing layers as well as later over- paints (see article 9). The St Anne with the Virgin and Child at Maaseik was stripped before the neo-Gothic painting was applied, however; only a very occasional trace of older paint was found. 11 This is discussed in greater detail in articles 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14 in this volume. 12 W ithin the limited time of the project, however, it was not possible to examine the archives of the abbeys and chapters on which the churches were dependent. 13 I t was impossible to carry out a systematic examination of all the archival documents within the limited time of the research project. Additional study of certain Limburg church and municipal archives, such as the old municipal archives of Bree, is therefore indicated. 14 S ee Gerard Venner, articles 2 and 3 in this volume. 15 T he archival documents relating to b uildings and their contents in the Province of Limburg are now housed at the Onroerend Erfgoed agency ( Limburg) in the Vlaams Administratief Centrum in Hasselt and in the State Archives in Brussels. 16 S ee Famke Peters, article 17. 17 On this type of register, see De Ridder 1864: 234-248; Bannenberg, Frenken and Hens 1968: IX-XVIII; Deblon 1986: 295-297; Janssen 2001. 18 The original documents are preserved in the Liège Diocesan Archives (Archives de l’Évêché de Liège) and the Mechelen Archdiocesan Archives (Aartsbisschop- pelijk Archief). They have been published by Schoolmeesters 1906 (register of 1400); Paquay 1908 (1497); Habets 1875: 359-375 (1553) and De Ridder 1864 (1558). 19 O n this topic, see also Janssen 2001. 20 B eerkens 1994. 21 G rauwels 1983. On these church v isitations, see also Paquay 1910; Munsters 1951; Dirickx 1955; Vandepoel 1955. Additional information can be found in Van de Weerd 1923-1924; idem 1924-1925; Bouwen door de eeuwen heen 2005: various munici palities. 22 A church’s status depends on the amount o f church tax it pays. See Bannenberg, Frenken and Hens 1970: XXIII-XXIX. 23 H abets 1875: 342-344. 24 T he patron is the person or institution h aving the right of patronage, this being the right to present clerics suitable for appointment to the bishop, archdeacon or (rural) dean. Ibid.: 299-303. 25 M aas 1905: 214-247; Houtmortels 1948: 258-262; Gerits 1975: 6-7; idem 1982. 26 L iège Diocesan Archives, D III 34, Statuijten ende ordinatien des archidiaken- schap van Kempenlandt inde kercke van Luijk , 1612, fol. 109 ff.; Habets 1875: 343-344; Houtmortels 1948: 260. 27 F or some examples in the Lower Rhine region, see Prieur 1996: 60-61. See also Kroesen and Steensma 2004: 53-57. 28 S choolmeesters 1906: 319-320; Paquay 1908: 46; Habets 1875: 361; De Ridder 1864: 283. 29 A rchives of the Royal Commission for Monuments and Sites (kept in Hasselt, Onroerend Erfgoed agency), Neeroeteren, DL 39, no. 5974: Neeroeteren : église et presbytère , estimate from Jean François Malfait dated 16 April 1862; letter from Jules Courroit dated 10 August 1874. 30 V an de Weerd 1924-1925: 135; Maas 1906: 253; Grauwels 1983: 160. 31 M aas 1906: 200-201, 247, 298, 396. 32 A rchives of the Royal Commission for M onuments and Sites, Neeroeteren, DL 39, no. 5974, estimate from Jean François Malfait dated 16 April 1862. 33 G rauwels 1983: 161; Van de Weerd 1924-1925: 135. 34 B ouwen door de eeuwen heen 2005: 594. 35 M aas 1906: 187 and other publications. H owever, not a single author provides additional details about the original archival document, such as where it is kept. 36 V erwijs and Verdam 1907: col. 1717. For this interpretation, see also Bouwen door de eeuwen heen 2005: 594. 37 S ee Pascale Fraiture, article 8 in this v olume. 38 D e Ridder 1864: 280. According to De Borchgrave d’Altena (1936: 208) this statue was given to the church by its priest. Whether this means that it comes from elsewhere is unclear, however. 39 M echelen, Archdiocesan Archives, Leodiensia, reg. 3, 11, 18; Paquay 1908: 44; Habets 1875: 359. 40 S ee the entry by Christina Ceulemans and Catheline Périer-D’Ieteren in Antwerp 1993: 84-93. The altarpiece was made in Antwerp, whereas the wings were apparently made in Brussels. 41 G rauwels 1983: 76, 83, 193. 42 The old church at Ellikom was demolished around 1840. It was replaced by a neo-Gothic church and subsequently by the present, mid-twentieth-century basilica. Therefore, none of the sculptures occupies its original position. 43 S ee KIK-IRPA photograp h A79364. On a postle beams, see Oellers 1986-1987; Kroesen and Steensma 2004: 204-210, 233-235. 44 S ee n. 42. 45 T he figures are c. 13 cm in width and c. 11 cm in depth. At some stage they have been reduced in height, probably in order to fit them into a particular position. 46 T hese sculptures are very different in size: t he monumental Heinsberg Christopher is 359 cm in height, whereas the London figure is only 56.5 cm high. The Neeroeteren St Christopher stands at 120 cm and the Bree statue is 94 cm. 47 W illiamson 2002: 136-137, no 43. 48 C eulemans 1990: I.29; see KIK-IRPA p hotograph s B82633 a n d B82635. 49 C leves 2002: no. 38. 50 B ijn 1984a: 60; idem 1984b: 146, no. 195; W illiamson 2002: 136-137, no. 43. 51 I bid.; Ceulemans 1990: I.29. 52 S ee KIK-IRPA photograp h X032097. 53 G rauwels 1983: 130-131; Van de Weerd 1 924-1925: 82-84. 54 B efore the sculptures had their current p lace, both figures were standing on a neo-Gothic base with their names painted on it. This can be seen on KIK-IRPA photograph s A79398 and A79400 from 1946. 55 C ardinaels 1976: 9-10, 11, 17, 29, 41. According to the following publications the church even used to be dedicated to St Quirinus: Geukens 1977: 21; Bouwen door de eeuwen heen 2005: 135. 56 C ardinaels 1976: 32. 57 O n the iconography of the Marianum, s ee Smeyers 1994. 58 T he two sculptures now in private c ollections were formerly in the Van Herck collection in Mechelen ( KIK-IRPA object no . 50008182) and in the Leenderskapel in Opoeteren ( KIK-IRPA object no . 160133) r espec- tively. See Sint-Truiden 1990: cat. no. 79 and inv. no. 375; Madrid – Ghent – Santa Cruz de la Palma 2005: 75. 59 S ee Famke Peters and Vincent Cattersel, a rticle 5.