Frames and supports in 15th and 16th-century Southern Netherlandish painting

ASSEMBLY OF PANEL AND FRAME 51 Fig. 19. Mortise and tenon joints . 1. Mortise and tenon, cut square on both faces. The corner of the moulding is cut square, across the grain, in the stile. 2. Mortise and tenon joint, with a mixed cut on both faces. Here the shoulder of the tenon is advanced into the mortised piece up to the outer edge of the moulding . The mouldings have a mitred edge. There is no chisel work across the grain. It is now possible to use a moulding plane along all four elements of the frame, and the moulding meets neatly at the corners. 3. Variant of 2, the tenon shoulder and the mortise are both partially mitred to allow for a wider moulding without reducing the mortise and weakening the joint. 4. Mortise and tenon joint, with tenon shoulder advanced on one face to the depth of the moulding, giving a mixed cut on the front. On the back, in the absence of a moulding, the tenon shoulder is not advanced and is cut square. This is the strongest solution, and remains a standard solution for moulded frames and doors till this day . 5. Mortise and tenon joint, mitred on both faces, with stub tenon. As the mortise has no blocking effect and the tenon is small, this is a weak joint, and rarely used. 6. Variant of previous joint, cut square at the back. Rarely used.