Frames and supports in 15th and 16th-century Southern Netherlandish painting

MATERIALS AND MEN 33 Fig. 8. Traces left by different tools on the backs of panels. a. Saw marks corresponding to the original cutting of the boards. Anonymous, Votive painting with the Intercession of the Virgin and with the Donor, Canon Art van Pyringhen , 1497 (Tongeren, BOL , no. 2 ). b. Roughly torn wood fibres where the wood has been cut with a splitting axe; the joins are reinforced with fibre, onto which canvas is glued. Albrecht Bouts (follower), Virgin and Child , c. 1500 (Leuven, MM , no. 5 ). c. Rough smoothing with a hand axe; central recess done maybe with a mixture of saws and flat chisels, finishing with a gouge and/or a v-shaped carving chisel, to make room for a middle cross-piece, no longer extant. Gerard David, Judgement of Cambyses: The Arrest , 1498 (Bruges, GM , no. 5 ). d. Smoothed with a drawknife. Anonymous, The Miracle of the Holy Sacrament , second half 16th century (Kuringen, HA , no. 1 ). e. Surface planed with care. Rogier van der Weyden (follower), Virgin and Child with Donor , second half 15th century (Tongeren, MC , no. 1 ). a b c d e